《保险研究》20190908-《论<消费者保护法>中的惩罚性赔偿在保险领域的适用》（范庆荣）

［摘   要］在保险人欺诈的情况下,保险消费者可以依据《消费者保护法》第五十五条第一款请求惩罚性赔偿。在保险领域适用惩罚性赔偿并不会与损失填补原则发生冲突,也不会动摇保险的射幸性。在我国《消费者保护法》的体系内,惩罚性赔偿中的欺诈限于故意。与传统民法不同的是,《消费者保护法》中欺诈的认定不需要保险消费者因受欺诈而作出违背真实意志的意思表示。保险人恶意拒赔的行为可以直接认定为欺诈,从而适用惩罚性赔偿以解决保险理赔难的困境。惩罚性赔偿以保险费作为计算基数。

［关键词］惩罚性赔偿;消费者保护法;欺诈;保险消费者

［基金项目］本文为司法部2018年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目“互联网保险的法律规制研究”(18SFB3036)的阶段性研究成果,同时也感谢湖南师范大学法学院科研项目“信息时代保险消费者的法律保护研究”的支持。

［作者简介］范庆荣,法学博士,湖南师范大学法学院讲师,E-mail:fanqr.shsy@163.com。

On the Application of Consumer Protection Law’s Punitive Damages Rules in the Insurance Sector

FAN Qing-rong

Abstract：In the case of insurer frauds,insurance consumers may request punitive damages in accordance with Article 55 of the Consumer Protection Law.The application of punitive damages in the insurance sector does not conflict with the principle of indemnity,nor does it falter the aleatory nature of insurance contracts.In the system of the Consumer Protection Law of China,frauds in punitive damages are limited to intentional acts.Different from traditional civil law,the identification of fraud in the Consumer Protection Law does not require insurance consumers to fall into error due to frauds and express their intention contrary to their true will.The insurer's malicious refusal of indemnity can be directly identified as fraud,therefore punitive damages can be applied to solve the dilemma of insurance claims difficulty.Punitive damages are calculated using insurance premiums as the base.

Key words：punitive damages;Consumer Protection Law;fraud;insurance consumers