《保险研究》20200906-《农户分化背景下农业保险的功能实现研究》（马彪、张琛、彭超）

［摘   要］随着我国经济社会的快速发展,越来越多的农户开始向兼业农户、非农户转变,农户分化趋势日趋明显。本文基于农业农村部全国农村固定观察点微观大样本数据,采用Heckman两阶段模型实证分析了农业保险对不同类型农户农业经营收入及其离散程度的影响。研究结果表明,农业保险虽然对农户的农业经营收入起到了一定激励作用,但损失补偿功能有限,且实现效果对不同类型农户存在较为明显的异质性。对已呈现职业化特征的纯农户和第一类兼业农户来说,现阶段的农业保险保障程度并不能有效适配其风险保障需求。而对第二类兼业农户和非农户而言,只覆盖基本物化成本的农业保险基本已可以满足这类农户的风险保障需求。未来,应进一步发挥农业保险的风险管理作用,但要对不同类型的投保群体施行差异化的农业保险策略。

［关键词］农业保险；损失补偿；农户分化；政策目标

［基金项目］国家社会科学基金项目(17BJY207)；教育部哲学社会科学研究重大项目(18JZD030)；中国人民大学2019年度拔尖创新人才培育资助计划。

［作者简介］马彪,中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院博士研究生,研究方向:农业保险；张琛,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所助理研究员,研究方向:劳动经济、三农问题；彭超(通讯作者),农业农村部管理干部学院研究员、乡村振兴研究中心主任,研究方向:农业补贴、农业政策。

A Research on Function Realization of Agricultural Insurance under the Background of Rural-household Differentiation

MA Biao,ZHANG Chen,PENG Chao

Abstract：With the rapid development of China′s economy and society,more and more rural households have begun to change into part-time households and non-rural households,and the trend of rural-household differentiation has become increasingly obvious.Based on the micro large sample data of fixed observation points of rural areas of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,this paper empirically analyzed the impact of agricultural insurance on the agricultural income and the dispersion degree of different types of farmers by using the Heckman model.The results show that although agricultural insurance compensation plays a certain role in stimulating farmers′ agricultural income,there is obvious heterogeneity in the realization effect of agricultural insurance risk management and loss compensation.For the pure farmers with professional characteristics and the first category of part-time farmers,the current level of agricultural insurance protection cannot effectively cater to their risk protection needs.For the second category of part-time farmers and non-farmers,agricultural insurance covering only basic materialized costs can basically meet the risk security needs of such farmers.In the future,the policy objectives of agricultural insurance should continue to focus on risk management and loss compensation,but different agricultural insurance strategies should be implemented for different types of policyholder groups.

Key words：agricultural insurance；loss compensation；rural-household differentiation；policy target