《保险研究》20201108-《财产保全责任险合同和担保书的衔接、冲突与矫正》（王一鹤）

［摘   要］财产保全责任险合同约定了保险人的赔付义务,因其合同不具有现金价值不能实现担保功能,人民法院要求保险人以财产保全责任险合同提供担保的,还应向人民法院出具担保书,对于担保书的性质,担保书的担保对象均未作明确规定,不利于保护被保全人合法权益。通过研究财产保全责任险合同是否具有担保功能以及将二者叠加规定的制度价值发现,尽管相较单独的以财产保全责任险合同已有很大意义,但仍存在诸多冲突,如担保书与责任保险赔偿机制的冲突,财产保全责任险合同第三者与担保书承诺对象的冲突,担保书内容与财产保全责任险合同解除权的冲突,通过规范分析上述冲突存在的制度障碍,提出了相应的解决思路,建议在担保书中明确保险人的赔偿责任适用《保险法》第65条关于责任保险的赔偿机制以避免法律冲突。

［关键词］财产保全责任险；担保书；责任保险赔偿机制；直接赔付责任

［基金项目］本文为教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(18YJA820031)的阶段性研究成果。

［作者简介］王一鹤,北京化工大学文法学院讲师,博士。

Connection,Conflict and Correction of Property Preservation Liability Insurance Contract and Guarantee Letter

WANG Yi-he

Abstract：The property preservation liability insurance contract stipulates the insurer′s payment obligations.Because the contract does not have cash value and cannot play the guarantee function,when the people′s court requires the insurer to provide a guarantee with a property preservation liability insurance contract, the insurer shall also issue a guarantee letter to the people′s court.Regarding the nature of the guarantee letter,the guarantee object of the guarantee letter is not clearly stipulated,which is not conducive to protecting the legal rights and interests of the insured person.By studying whether the property preservation liability insurance contract has a guarantee function and the system value of superimposing the two,it is found that although the latter has a great significance compared to a separate property preservation liability insurance contract,there are still many conflicts such as the conflict of the compensation mechanism between the guarantee letter and the liability insurance,the conflict between the third party of the property preservation liability insurance contract and the promised object of the guarantee,the conflict between the content of the guarantee letter and the right to terminate the property preservation liability insurance contract.Through standardized analysis of the system obstacles in the above conflicts,corresponding solutions are proposed by the paper.It is recommended that,to avoid legal conflicts,the insurer′s compensation liability should be specified in the guarantee letter to apply the compensation mechanism of liability insurance in Article 65 of the Insurance Law.

Key words：property preservation liability insurance;guarantee letter;compensation mechanism of liability insurance;direct compensation liability